The biggest question we get when visiting customers is how does a photovoltaic system work.  It’s actually quite simple.  The photovoltaic system is like any other generation system, but with different equipment.  The function of interfacing with your homes or business electrical system is similar that of  National Grid or NYSEG.  However the equipment is different, the same National Electric Codes (NEC) apply.

Photovoltaic arrays produces power when exposed to sunlight, a number of other equipment are required to properly control, and convert raw DC power to usable AC power.  The distribution takes place through existing electrical breaker panels.,

Depending on the design of the system and the goals of the customer it  may necessitate different  equipment.  All the systems have common equipment such as solar modules, inverters, and distribution equipment like breaker and fuses more commonly known as the balance of system (BOS). 

Many customers ask if batteries are required if it’s a good idea to install them.  With the invention of modern grid tied inverters, batteries are no longer needed.  Grid tied inverters are configured to use the National Grid’s and NYSEG’s electrical grid as a battery.  However battery back-up are options that customers may wish to utilize when for emergencies.  In some cases for remote location or when the customers decide that the cost of connecting to the utilities power is to costly then batteries are a necessity.     

Batteries are often used in PV systems for the purpose of storing energy produced by the PV array during the day, and to supply it to electrical loads as needed (during the night and periods of cloudy weather). Other reasons batteries are used in PV systems are to operate the PV array near its maximum power point, to power electrical loads at stable voltages, and to supply surge currents to electrical loads and inverters. In most cases, a battery charge controller is used in these systems to protect the battery from overcharge and over discharge.

In addition, an assortment of balance of system (BOS) hardware, including wiring, over current, surge protection and disconnect devices, and other power processing equipment. The above diagram shows a basic diagram of a photovoltaic system and the relationship of individual components.